Science

Nose-to-Brain Delivery: Proprietary Nose-to-Brain CNS Platform

WHAT IT IS

• Proprietary, patent-protected
  Direct nose-to-brain access via olfactory & trigeminal pathways.
• Delivers small molecules & peptides
  Directly to the brain — bypassing the blood-brain barrier entirely.
• Proven in Phase 1
  Validated in human clinical trial (N2B NAC). Not theoretical — it works

NOSE-TO-BRAIN PATHWAY

Standard IV/Oral: 1–5% brain uptake | Nose-to-Brain (Neuronasal): Direct delivery

Ophidion Partnership: Enhanced Brain Delivery

WHAT IT IS

• Sub-Q/IV Trojan Horse carrier technology
  Ophidion’s proprietary system encapsulates large molecules in a carrier that the brain naturally absorbs.
• Enhanced brain delivery of GLP-1 agonists & large molecules
  Lower systemic doses mean fewer side effects, unlocking therapeutic potential across both neurologic and metabolic indications.
• New chemical entities = new patents
  Modified GLP-1s are composition-of-matter patents — entirely new molecules with durable IP protection

PARTNERSHIP & PROGRAMS

• Co-development agreement signed with Ophidion
• Joint venture at preclinical stage
• Modified GLP-1 for Parkinson’s & neurodegeneration · Additional indications TBD

THE MECHANISM

WHY THIS IS TRANSFORMATIVE

GLP-1s show neuroprotective potential in emerging research, but dose-limiting systemic side effects block both CNS and metabolic applications

THE OPPORTUNITY

Brain-penetrant GLP-1 is the next frontier. Multiple major pharma companies are seeking exactly this solution. Neuronasal + Ophidion are positioned to deliver it.

N2B NAC: Nose-to-Brain N-Acetylcysteine for Parkinson’s Disease

THE SCIENCE & RATIONALE

• IV works – but isn’t practical
  IV NAC reaches the brain effectively, demonstrated in Phase 2 clinical trial, but requires infusion, making it impractical for chronic, lifelong disease.
• Oral fails – poor brain penetration
  Oral NAC undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism. Negligible amounts reach the brain at therapeutic levels.
• Oxidative stress drives Parkinson’s Disease
  Neurodegeneration in PD is driven by glutathione depletion and oxidative damage in the substantia nigra.
• NAC restores brain glutathione
  N-Acetylcysteine is a glutathione precursor. Published clinical evidence confirms NAC efficacy in PD patients.
• Nose-to-Brain – the right answer
  Direct olfactory & trigeminal delivery. Chronic, tolerable, non-invasive. Proven in Phase 1 human trial.

WHY NAC WORKS

Oxidative stress depletes glutathione in the substantia nigra — NAC restores it

Enhanced Brain Delivery: Brain-Penetrant Without Systemic Side Effects

THE SCIENCE & RATIONALE

• GLP-1s show neuroprotective potential
  Emerging research suggests GLP-1 agonists (Ozempic, Mounjaro) may be neuroprotective — including for Parkinson’s disease.
• The problem: systemic side effects
  Liver, pancreas, and GI effects prevent CNS use at therapeutic doses. Current drugs don’t reach the brain effectively.
• No one has solved brain-penetrant GLP-1
  Multiple major pharma companies are actively seeking this solution. The market is wide open.
• Neuronasal + Ophidion: the solution
  Modified GLP-1s delivered via Ophidion’s Trojan Horse. Lower systemic dose. Direct brain uptake. New IP.
  
• New chemical entities = new patents
  Modified GLP-1s are composition-of-matter patents — defensible, durable exclusivity across all indications.

THE GLP-1 PARADOX

Neuronasal Enhanced

• Enhanced brain delivery via Trojan Horse
• Projected lower dose, fewer side effects
• Targeted brain delivery
• CNS applications unlocked